Forms of authority and the real ad verecundiam

Goodwin, Jean. “Forms of Authority and the Real Ad Verecundiam.” Argumentation 12 (1998): 267-80.

This paper provides a typology of appeals to authority, identifying three distinct types: that which is based on a command; that which is based on expertise; and that which is based on dignity. Each type is distinguished with respect to the reaction that a failure to follow it ordinarily evokes. The rhetorical roots of Locke’s ad verecundiam are traced to the rhetorical practices of ancient Rome.

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